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Richard E. Blanton (born 1943) is an American anthropologist, archaeologist, and academic. He is most renowned for his archaeological field and theoretical research into the development of civilizations in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, particularly those from the central Mexican ''plateau'' and Valley of Oaxaca regions. Blanton taught at Rice University and Hunter College of the City University of New York before joining the faculty at Purdue University in 1976. He is currently () Professor of Anthropology at Purdue's College of Liberal Arts. Blanton helped to develop full coverage survey methods, which he and colleagues applied to the Valley of Oaxaca to help understand the evolution of the Monte Alban state.〔Richard Blanton et al., ''Monte Alban’s Hinterland'' (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum, 1982) ISBN 978-0-932206-91-6〕 The particular method developed by Blanton and his students influenced a generation of archaeologists and are still widely used today.〔Suzanne Fish, ''The Archaeology of Regions: The Case for Full Coverage Survey'' (New York: Percheron Press, 2009) ISBN 978-0-9797731-0-5〕 Due to his interest in regional survey, Blanton helped to introduce methods of spatial analysis into archaeology. In particular he took an application of graph theory used by architects evaluate movement through buildings and developed it into a method for analyzing prehistoric houses and communities.〔Richard Blanton, ''Houses and Households: A Comparative Study,'' (New York: Plenum, 1994) ISBN 0-306-44444-5〕 He was able to demonstrate that variation in the layout of houses and communities was associated with wealth differences. In addition, Blanton's method was used to develop a measure of prehistoric warfare frequency that has proven useful in a number of settings.〔Peter N. Peregrine, "An Archaeological Correlate of War," ''North American Archaeologist'', Volume 14, Issue 2, pages 139-151, 1993〕 Blanton was an early proponent of world-systems theory, and actively applied it to the evolution of Mesoamerican polities.〔Richard Blanton and Gary Feinman, “The Mesoamerican World-System,” ''American Anthropologist'' 86:673-682, 1984〕 Although this work was criticized at the time,〔Philip Kohl, “The Use and Abuse of World-Systems Theory,” ''Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory'' 11: 1-35, 1987〕 it was further developed an employed by many scholars 〔Peter N. Peregrine and Gary Feinman, eds., ''Pre-Columbian World-Systems'' (Madison: Prehistory Press, 1996) ISBN 978-1-881094-16-6〕 Blanton also helped to develop dual processual theory,〔Blanton et al., “A Dual-Processual Theory for the Evolution of Mesoamerican Civilization,” ''Current Anthropology'' 37(1):1-14, 1996〕 Dual-processual theory posits that political leaders employ one of two basic processes to build and maintain power. Using the first, called a “network” strategy, political leaders use ties to other polities, supernatural powers, or sources of esoteric knowledge and goods to build power, and maintain it by excluding others from access to those sources of power. Using the second, called a “corporate” strategy, political leaders use the bonds of kinship and social groups to build power, sharing access to those groups broadly, but positioning him or herself as the “first among equals.” These are not intended to be seen as exclusive categories, but rather as ends of a continuum of political strategy. Dual-processual theory has had significant impact on archaeological thought.〔Barbara Mills, ed. ''Alternative Leadership Strategies in the Prehispanic Southwest'' (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2000) ISBN 978-0-8165-2028-2〕 ==Notes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Richard Blanton」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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